The RCAF golden eagle and its motto in a circle: PER ARDUA AD ASTRA (“Through adversity to the stars”), the motto of the RCAF and also of other Commonwealth air forces, surmounted by a crown. The RCN’s crest is an anchor surrounded by nine maple leaves, surmounted by a golden crown. The Canadian Army’s emblem: two crossed swords and a branch of three maple leaves, surmounted by a crown.
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